A new study from the OpenNotes project (1) suggests that giving patients access to their physicians’ visit notes may improve their understanding of and comfort with their medications, as well as adherence to medication regimens.
Editorial / Commentary
Patients as diagnostic collaborators: Sharing visit notes to promote safety and accuracy
Error resulting from missed, delayed, or wrong diagnoses is estimated to occur in 10–15% of ambulatory and inpatient encounters, leading to serious harm in around half of such cases. When it comes to conceptualizing diagnostic error, most research has focused on factors pertaining to: (a) physician cognition and (b) ergonomic or systems factors related to the physician’s working environment. A third factor – the role of patients in diagnostic processes – remains relatively under-investigated. Yet, as a growing number of researchers acknowledge, patients hold unique knowledge about themselves and their healthcare experience, and may be the most underutilized resource for mitigating diagnostic error. This opinion article examines recent findings from patient surveys about sharing visit notes with patients online. Drawing on these survey results, the authors suggest three ways in which sharing visit notes with patients might enhance diagnostic processes: (1) avoid delays and missed diagnoses by enhancing timely follow up of recommended tests, results, and referrals; (2) identify documentation errors that may undermine diagnostic accuracy; and (3) strengthen patient-clinician relationships thereby creating stronger bidirectional diagnostic partnerships. The authors also consider the potential pitfalls or unintended consequences of note transparency, and highlight areas in need of further research.
Harnessing the Consumer Movement
In this issue, an American College of Physicians (ACP) position paper on Principles for Patient and Family Partnership in Care moves beyond longstanding rhetoric urging clinicians to become more “patient-centered” and calls for an aggressive turn toward true partnership (1). The ACP recommends that patients and families work closely with clinicians to improve medical education and health care systems. The paper cites ample evidence that such partnerships benefit patients and clinicians alike and argues that attention to dignity and respect may improve health outcomes, adherence to care plans, efficiency, and patient and clinician satisfaction.
Your Patient Is Now Reading Your Note: Opportunities, Problems, and Prospects
Patients have unprecedented online access to their medical records. More than 6 million Americans can now read their doctors’ notes via patient portals, and continued rapid growth is likely. Sharing notes with patients may yield important health benefits, including increased patient empowerment and improved medication adherence. Seeing written information, including notes, helps patients remember the plan of care, reinforces patients’ positive behaviors, and strengthens the patient–doctor alliance.
Transparenz in der Arzt-Patienten-Kommunikation
Den Patienten den Einblick in die eigenen Gesundheitsinformationen zu gewähren, kann unter anderem ihre aktive Rolle verstärken. Sie sind daran interessiert, bei der Erstellung und Bereitstellung ihrer medizinischen Aufzeichnungen beteiligt zu werden. Da sich die Transparenz im Umgang mit medizinischen Dokumenten gegenwärtig ausbreitet, ist es wichtig, ein besseres Verständnis für Vor- und Nachteile zu gewinnen. Das gilt für Patienten und Ärzte gleichermaßen. Zudem können Zielgruppen identifiziert werden, die möglicherweise unterschiedliche Formen der Übermittlung erfordern. Weitere, vertiefende Studien sind notwendig.
Transparent Electronic Health Records and Lagging Laws
Millions of patients are accessing their medical records online via secure electronic patient portals. They are also increasingly uploading data directly into their records, and many clinicians now offer patients ready and ongoing access to the notes that document encounters. In response, patients report improved understanding of their care, better recall, enhanced adherence to care plans, and an increased sense of control over their health.
Soliciting patient feedback on visit notes: An educational opportunity
Patient and family engagement is gaining attention as a priority in patient care1 and medical education.2 OpenNotes, an innovation that invites patients to read their visit notes through a secure online portal, has demonstrated several health benefits.3 Over five million U.S. patients have online access to their notes today; shared visit notes may not only engage patients in care but also open the door to new educational innovations.
Intrigued by the idea of patient/family feedback on visit notes, our research team asked residents and their supervisors whether such feedback would be helpful.4 In surveys and focus groups, many agreed it would be.
When Patients Teach
As soon as the elevator door closed, the tears gave way, and I walked home with my head down … thoughts of my mistakes running rampant.
So began the reflection of a third-year medical student, who described falling short of his residents’ expectations on a history and physical examination. The crucial flaw? He had taken too long. His reflection continued:
[The next day], an elderly patient, traction stockings covering her small, dark brown legs, shuffled toward me. She stopped directly in front of me, her delicate, slightly stooped frame supported by her thin hand, grasping the IV pole. “Young man,” she said, “I heard you speaking to the patient in the bed next to me [last night]. And I just wanted you to know that I’m just so proud of you.… How you spoke to that patient with such care and intelligence. I’m just so proud.”
Family Caregivers and Consumer Health Information Technology
Health information technology has been embraced as a strategy to facilitate patients’ access to their health information and engagement in care. However, not all patients are able to access, or are capable of using, a computer or mobile device. Although family caregivers assist individuals with some of the most challenging and costly health needs, their role in health information technology is largely undefined and poorly understood. This perspective discusses challenges and opportunities of engaging family caregivers through the use of consumer-oriented health information technology. We compile existing evidence to make the case that involving family caregivers in health information technology as desired by patients is technically feasible and consistent with the principles of patient-centered and family-centered care. We discuss how more explicit and purposeful engagement of family caregivers in health information technology could advance clinical quality and patient safety by increasing the transparency, accuracy, and comprehensiveness of patient health information across settings of care. Finally, we describe how clarifying and executing patients’ desires to involve family members or friends through health information technology would provide family caregivers greater legitimacy, convenience, and timeliness in health system interactions, and facilitate stronger partnerships between patients, family caregivers, and health care professionals.
Open visit: a patient’s perspective and expanding national experience
We congratulate Martin on his thoughtful description of how he has opened clinical notes to his patients. We write in response from two perspectives. One of us (D.deB.) is a patient who has become active in the world of patient engagement, a switch in careers triggered by widely metastatic renal carcinoma, now in remission for several years thanks to superb care by physicians and nurses in primary care and oncology. The second author (J.W.) is one of the leaders of the OpenNotes initiative and a health services researcher, with a background in nursing. We touch first on several points that draw on a growing national experience with fully transparent medical records and then offer the perspective of a patient and consumer advocate.
